Since many persons have asked me why I named my baby boy Omar, I assure you from the beginning that my choice has no relation to any actor (Omar Sheriff), any musician (Omar Khairat) and neither to any football player or singer. None of these ideas!
I chose the name of my baby boy after I read about the life and the manners of the best Caliph of the Muslims: Omar ibn Al Khatab, known also as Al - Farouk (The Justice One - name gave to him by the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him) and Amir Al Mu'minin.
When you will know too all about Omar ibn Al Khatab, tears from your eyes will fall regretting that you didn't live in his times and you don't have the blessing and the honor to have a ruler like him.
But who was Omar ibn Al Khatab?
Umar ibn al Khattab among the most influential people in history
- See more at: http://www.islamicity.com/Articles/articles.asp?ref=IC1012-4389#sthash.Wi43flDX.dpuf
Michael H. Hart wrote
a book entitled "THE 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in
History" in 1978. Several other authors have written similar books but
this still remains a distinguished book in it's category. The book is thought
provoking and encourages the reader to see history from different perspectives.
He chose Prophet
Muhammad to lead the list of the world's most influential persons which was
surprising to many people. He said he chose Muhammad because he was the only
person in the history who was supremely successful on both the religious and
secular levels. Michael Hart went on to count the traits and qualities of
Prophet Muhammad and his overall impact on human history and arrived at the conclusion
that Prophet Muhammad should be the number one person in the filed of 100
influential persons in human history.
Another surprise to many people was Michael Hart's choice of Umar Ibn
Al-Khattab among the 100 influential persons, whom he not only included among
these 100 persons but also put him as number two on the second half (51 to 100)
of his choice. Umar Ibn Al-Khattab is 52nd on the list. He ranked him higher
than such famous men as Charlemagne and Julius Caesar. He further says that
Umar's brilliant leadership was responsible for the expansion of the Islamic
territory and the enormous extent that it did occur under him. He further says
that Umar Ibn Al-Khattab ordered the Muslim armies to leave the natives of the
conquered land in peace and ordered the military personnel not to force the
natives to convert to Islam.
In
the parenthesis Michael put his note, "From the above, it is clear that
the Arab conquest was more a nationalist war of conquest rather than a holy
war, although the religious aspect was not lacking". Michael Hart
further says that Umar ibn Al-Khattab's achievements are impressive and it
would be a grave mistake to ignore his contributions to humanity. It should be
noted that Umar Ibn Al-Khattab's brilliant leadership was responsible for
permanence of the territories that came under the Islamic role at that time and
are still part of the Islamic world today.
Umar Ibn Al-Khattab is a pioneering figure in the Islamic world. He was a
leader, a statesman, a pious and God conscious Muslim who showed respect for
all individuals including non-Muslims and he ordered the Muslims to treat
non-Muslims with respect. He showed us how to apply the Quranic injunction
"there is no compulsion in religion."
Under the leadership of Umar ibn Al-Khattab Islam spread widely not by the
sword but by virtue of its beauty, simplicity, transparency, openness and the
leadership provided by him. Another reason for the rapid growth of Muslim
community was the conversion of some high-placed religious personalities from
among the Jewish and the Christian communities. These religious personalities
saw Islam as a continuation and affirmation of the Abrahamic faith. Ardkun, the
Bishop of Damascus, accepted Islam after the Islamic armies entered the city
under Khalid bin Walid. The followers of Ardkun became attracted towards the
new faith and became Muslim. The chief administrator of the city of Shata in
Egypt, famous for its textiles manufacturing, left his town with two thousand
men and went to city of Damietta where the Muslim army was camped and embraced
Islam with his followers.
During the time of Umar ibn Al-Khattab, the non-Muslims enjoyed freedom of
religion. They were free to perform their religious rites, ring bells to start
their religious ceremonies, take out the Cross in procession and hold religious
fairs. Even treaties were signed during the time of Umar ibn Al-Khattab with
non-Muslims that guaranteed freedom of religion. The writ of Hudhaifa bin
al-Yaman to people of the region of Mahdinar says, "They shall not be
required to change their religion, nor shall any interference be made in their
religious practices."
Umar ibn Al-Khattab followed the principle of equality very strictly and would
not tolerate any kind of distinction. Once, Umar ibn Al-Khattab had a
difference of opinion with Ubayy bin Ka'b. The matter was referred and brought
in the court of Qazi Zaid bin Thabit. When Umar ibn Al-Khattab arrived at the
court the Qazi, Zaid bin Thabit, vacated his seat out of respect for the
Khalifah. Umar ibn Al-Khattab, after observing the situation, said that this
was the first injustice Zaid has done to the suit. Then he sat down next to
Ubayy, his opponent.
Umar ibn Al-Khattab always favored individual freedom and self-respect. By word
of mouth and through his writings he made it very clear that every human being
was born free and no one should have to abase himself in front of others. Once,
the son of Amr bin As abused and beat up a Copt Christian; on hearing this Umar
ibn Al-Khattab had son of Amr punished publicly by the hand of the victim Copt
Christian. Then Umar ibn Al-Khattab addressed both father and son and said,
"Since when have you turned men into slaves, whereas they are born free of
their mothers?"
The people of many cultures who accepted Islam faced new challenges. More
complex questions regarding the Islamic way of life cropped up at the same
time. Many of the questions could not be answered because clear rulings of the
Holy Prophet or the Holy Qur'an were not available. The Qadis and Muftis appointed
in towns and cities were Companions of the Prophet, yet they referred
complicated questions to the Khalifah. The famous Sahabis who referred the
question to Umar Ibn Al-Khattab are Abdullah bin Ma'sud, Ammar bin Yasar, Abu
Musa Ash'ari, Abu Ubaidah bin Jarrah, Mughira bin Shuba and others. Umar ibn
Al-Khattab gave his judgment after discussing these questions in the assembly
of the companions. The discussions were conducted with the greatest freedom and
acumen. Shah Wali-Ullah writes in Hujjatullah al-Baligha, "It was Umar's
practice to consult the companions and hold discussions with them, until the
veils were lifted and conviction was attained. For this reason Umar's dicta
were accepted throughout the East and the West."
It is said that his writings, his letters and official instructions were as
powerful as his speeches. In a letter to Abu Musa Ash'ari he wrote,
"People generally hate their ruler, and I seek protection of Allah, if my
people should entertain similar feelings about me. Avoid vain suspicions and
keep away from malice, and don not encourage people of cherish vain hopes, and
be careful of Allah's property, and guard yourself against evil men. If you
find any people who are vindictively inclined towards the Muslim state, it is
devilish inclination and must be put down by the sword, until they bow to
Allah's decision and turn to better ways".
In another letter to Abu Musa Ash'ari he said, "The thing that strengthens
one in execution of work and that one should not procrastinate; for if you do
so, your affairs will heap up and overwhelm you and you will not then be able
to decide what to do and what not to do, and you will fail in your work."
Umr Ibn Al-Khattab appointed Amr bin Al-As as the Governor of Egypt. Amr bin
Al-As delayed remitting the revenue to the treasury. Umar ibn Al-Khattab wrote to him and reminded
about the delay. Amr bin Al-As procrastinated. Umar ibn Al-Khattab sent him a
strong letter, he wrote, "I understand that the thing that has kept you
from replying is the fact that your subordinates are not good. They have made
you a shield, and it is a disease for which I possess an effective remedy. I am
surprised that I have written to you often and at length, but you neglected
sending the revenue and have avoided giving straight answers. So Abu, Abdullah,
don't worry. Due shall be taken from you and you shall pay them, for as the
river yields pearls, so will you have to render the dues."
Umar ibn Al-Khattab used to end his speeches with following statement: "O
God, let me not fall into an error, nor let me be called to account on
unawares, nor let me fall into neglect."
Umar ibn Al-Khattab's actions speak louder about his character, his integrity
and his love for the people in the Muslim state. He made rounds at night to
gauge and evaluate the condition of the people. His achievements are reflection
of his life.
Sayings of Umar ibn
Al-Khattab:
Umar ibn Al-Khattab
always had a sound opinion, which made him a very powerful leader who expected
higher degree of integrity from the people working with him during his
Khilafate. Some of his wise sayings are quoted here:
- One
who keeps his own counsel keeps his affairs in his own hand.
- Fear
him whom you hate.
- The
wisest man is he who can account for his actions.
- Do
not put off today's work till tomorrow.
- What
regresses never progresses?
- He
who does not know evil will fall into it.
- When
a man asks me a question, I know his intelligence.
- Don't
forget your own self while preaching to others.
- The
less of the world, the freer you live.
- Avoidance
of sin is lighter than the pain of remorse.
- If
patience and gratitude had been two she camels, it would have mattered
little on which I rode. May God have mercy on him who sends me my faults
for a present!
- During
his Hajj pilgrimage to Makkah, Umar ibn Al-Khattab heard one of the camel
drivers singing. People asked Umar ibn Al-Khattab as to why he did not
stop the camel driver from singing. Umar ibn Al-Khattab replied,
"Music was the camel driver's provision for a journey."
Some of the
Achievements of Umar ibn Al-Khattab:
Umar ibn Al-Khattab
established many institutions in the Islamic state's administration. Historians
have called his reforms as innovations. The achievements of Umar ibn Al-Khattab
are numerous. The most important achievements are listed below:
- Umar
ibn Al-Khattab established the public treasury: Bait-ul-Mal
- Established
courts of justice and appointed judges.
- Proposed
and enforced use of the era of Hijra.
- Assumed
the title of Amir-ul-Mu'minin.
- To
engage the anti-Islamic forces he organized and established the War
Department.
- Placed
army reserves on the pay-roll. In addition to this, Umar Ibn Al-Khattab
improved the army administration by providing every army corps with an
officer of the treasury, an accountant, and number of interpreters,
physicians and surgeons. He instructed the army commanders to submit
accounts of war expenditures and list of the spoils of war. Historical
records show that in 16 Hijri Ziyad bin Abi Sufyan came from city of
Jalula Ð after its conquest - and brought with him the records of the
accounts to Madinah and submitted them for Umar ibn Al-Khattab's perusal
and review.
- Established
Land Revenue Department, ordered survey and assessment of lands and also
ordered conducting census. This required maintenance of the land revenue
records in Persian, Syriac and Coptic languages. The accounts were kept on
long rolled-up sheets.
- Founded
cities: Kufah, Basrah, Jazirah, Fustat and Musal and undertook
construction and building of canals.
- Divided
conquered countries into provinces.
- Ordered
collecting customs duties.
- Appointed
officials for the collection of tax on the produce of sea.
- Gave
permission to traders from foreign countries to conduct business in the
Islamic territory.
- Organized
jails and enforced use of the whip.
- Made
rounds at night to gauge and evaluate the condition of the people. For
relaxations he enjoyed lighter pursuits including poetry. Once he asked
Abdullah bin Abbas to recite him poetry the whole night. At the time when
dawn was breaking, he said, "Now recite the Holy Qur'an." During
one of his night rounds around the city he heard the sound of music. He
stopped and listened to the music and then moved on.
- Established
military cantonments and had them located at strategic points.
- Organized
Police Department.
- Set
up a system to classify pedigree and non-pedigree horses.
- Built
houses on the road from Makkah to Madinah for the comfort of the travelers
and also established guest-houses in different cities. At that time a
system was established for the clearance of land, construction of roads,
building of bridges and other operations which are carried out by sappers
and miner in present day armies. The local people of the lands were
recruited to perform these duties.
- Provided
stipends for the poor Jewish and Christian people.
- Established
schools and provided salaries for school teachers and public
lecturers.
- Proposed
the principle of Qiyas and its formulation.
- Proposed
exact division of inheritance.
- Proposed
and inserted additional statement "Prayer is better than sleep"
in the call for Fajr prayers.
- Ordained
performing taraweeh prayers in congregation.
- Established
law for the punishment of alcohol drinkers with eighty lashes.
- Proposed
a method for preparing trusts.
- Obtained
consensus of opinion for saying four takbirs in funeral prayer.
- Made
arrangements for providing lights in mosques at night. It is stated that
until the Khilafate of Umar ibn Al-Khattab there were no arrangements for
lights in the mosques. A person by name Tamim Dari made the arrangements
and supplied lamps for the mosques with Umar ibn Al-Khattab's permission.
- Established
a procedure to giving salaries from the public treasury to Imams and
Muazzins.
"I
understand that the thing that has kept you from replying is the fact
that your subordinates are not good. They have made you a shield, and it
is a disease for which I possess an effective remedy. I am surprised
that I have written to you often and at length, but you neglected
sending the revenue and have avoided giving straight answers. So Abu,
Abdullah,
don't worry. Due shall be taken from you and you shall pay them, for as
the river yields pearls, so will you have to render the
dues."
Umar ibn Al-Khattab used to end his speeches with following statement:
"O God, let me not fall into an error, nor let me be called to account
on unawares, nor let me fall into
neglect."
Umar ibn Al-Khattab's actions speak louder about his character, his
integrity and his love for the people in the Muslim state. He made
rounds at night to gauge and evaluate the condition of the people. His
achievements are reflection of his life. - See more at:
http://www.islamicity.com/Articles/articles.asp?ref=IC1012-4389#sthash.Wi43flDX.dpuf
Michael H. Hart wrote a book entitled "THE 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in
History" in 1978. Several other authors have written similar books but this
still remains a distinguished book in it's category. The book is thought
provoking and encourages the reader to see history from different perspectives.
He chose Prophet Muhammad to lead the
list of the world's most influential
persons which was surprising to many people. He said he chose Muhammad
because he was the only person in the history who was supremely
successful on both the religious and secular levels. Michael Hart went
on to count the traits and qualities of Prophet Muhammad and his overall
impact on human history and arrived at the conclusion that Prophet
Muhammad should be the number one person in the filed of 100
influential persons in human history.
Another surprise to many people was Michael Hart's choice of Umar Ibn
Al-Khattab among the 100 influential persons, whom he not only included
among these 100 persons but also put him as number two on the second
half (51 to 100) of his choice. Umar Ibn Al-Khattab is 52nd on the
list. He ranked him higher than such famous men as Charlemagne and
Julius Caesar. He further says that
Umar's brilliant leadership was responsible for the expansion of the
Islamic territory and the enormous extent that it did occur under him.
He further says that Umar Ibn Al-Khattab ordered the Muslim armies to
leave the natives of the conquered land in peace and ordered the
military personnel not to
force the natives to convert to Islam.
In the parenthesis Michael put his note, "From
the above, it is clear that the Arab conquest was more a nationalist
war of conquest rather than a holy war, although the religious aspect
was not
lacking". Michael Hart further says that Umar ibn Al-Khattab's
achievements are impressive and it would be a grave mistake to ignore
his contributions to humanity. It should be noted that Umar Ibn
Al-Khattab's brilliant leadership was responsible for permanence of the
territories that came under the Islamic role at that time and are still
part of the Islamic world today.
Umar Ibn Al-Khattab is a pioneering figure in the Islamic world. He was a
leader, a statesman, a pious and God conscious Muslim who showed
respect for all individuals including non-Muslims and he ordered the
Muslims to treat non-Muslims with respect. He
showed us how to apply the Quranic injunction "there is no compulsion in
religion."
Under the leadership of Umar ibn Al-Khattab Islam spread widely not by
the sword but by virtue of its beauty, simplicity, transparency,
openness and the
leadership provided by him. Another reason for the rapid growth of
Muslim community was the conversion of some high-placed religious
personalities from among the Jewish and the Christian communities. These
religious personalities saw
Islam as a continuation and affirmation of the Abrahamic faith. Ardkun,
the Bishop of Damascus, accepted Islam after the Islamic armies entered
the city under Khalid bin Walid. The followers of Ardkun became
attracted towards the new faith and became Muslim. The chief
administrator of the city of Shata in Egypt, famous for its textiles
manufacturing, left his town with two thousand men and went to city of
Damietta where the Muslim army was camped and embraced Islam with his
followers.
During the time of Umar ibn Al-Khattab, the non-Muslims enjoyed freedom
of religion. They were free to perform their religious rites, ring
bells to start their religious ceremonies, take out the Cross in
procession and hold religious fairs. Even treaties were signed during
the time of Umar ibn Al-Khattab with non-Muslims that guaranteed freedom
of religion. The writ of Hudhaifa bin al-Yaman to people of the region
of Mahdinar says,
"They shall not be required to change their religion, nor shall any
interference be made in their religious
practices."
Umar ibn Al-Khattab followed the principle of equality very strictly and
would not tolerate any kind of distinction. Once, Umar ibn Al-Khattab
had a difference of opinion with Ubayy bin
Ka'b. The matter was referred and brought in the court of Qazi Zaid bin
Thabit. When Umar ibn Al-Khattab arrived at the court the Qazi, Zaid bin
Thabit, vacated his seat out of respect for the Khalifah. Umar ibn
Al-Khattab, after observing the situation, said that this was the first
injustice Zaid has done to the suit. Then he sat down next to Ubayy, his
opponent.
Umar ibn Al-Khattab always favored individual freedom and self-respect.
By word of mouth and through his writings he made it very clear that
every human being was born free and no one should have to abase himself
in front of others. Once, the son of Amr bin As abused and beat up a
Copt Christian; on hearing this Umar ibn Al-Khattab had son of Amr
punished publicly by the hand of the victim Copt Christian. Then Umar
ibn Al-Khattab addressed both father and son and said,
"Since when have you turned men into slaves, whereas they are born free
of their
mothers?"
The people of many cultures who accepted Islam faced new challenges.
More complex questions regarding the Islamic way of life cropped up at
the same time. Many of the questions could not be answered because
clear rulings of the Holy Prophet or the Holy
Qur'an were not available. The Qadis and Muftis appointed in towns and
cities were Companions of the Prophet, yet they referred complicated
questions to the Khalifah. The famous Sahabis who referred the question
to Umar Ibn Al-Khattab are Abdullah bin
Ma'sud, Ammar bin Yasar, Abu Musa Ash'ari, Abu Ubaidah bin Jarrah,
Mughira bin Shuba and others. Umar ibn Al-Khattab gave his judgment
after discussing these questions in the assembly of the companions. The
discussions were conducted with the greatest freedom and acumen. Shah
Wali-Ullah writes in Hujjatullah al-Baligha,
"It was Umar's practice to consult the companions and hold discussions
with them, until the veils were lifted and conviction was attained. For
this reason
Umar's dicta were accepted throughout the East and the West."
It is said that his writings, his letters and official instructions were
as powerful as his speeches. In a letter to Abu Musa
Ash'ari he wrote, "People generally hate their ruler, and I seek
protection of Allah, if my people should entertain similar feelings
about me. Avoid vain suspicions and keep away from malice, and don not
encourage people of cherish vain hopes, and be careful of
Allah's property, and guard yourself against evil men. If you find any
people who are vindictively inclined towards the Muslim state, it is
devilish inclination and must be put down by the sword, until they bow
to
Allah's decision and turn to better ways"
In another letter to Abu Musa Ash'ari he said, "The thing that
strengthens one in execution of work and that one should not
procrastinate; for if you do so, your affairs will heap up and overwhelm
you and you will not then be able to decide what to do and what not to
do, and you will fail in your
work."
Umr Ibn Al-Khattab appointed Amr bin Al-As as the Governor of Egypt.
Amr bin Al-As delayed remitting the revenue to the treasury. Umar ibn
Al-Khattab wrote to him and reminded about the delay. Amr bin Al-As
procrastinated. Umar ibn Al-Khattab sent him a strong letter, he
wrote, "I understand that the thing that has kept you from replying is
the fact that your subordinates are not good. They have made you a
shield, and it is a disease for which I possess an effective remedy. I
am surprised that I have written to you often and at length, but you
neglected sending the revenue and have avoided giving straight answers.
So Abu, Abdullah,
don't worry. Due shall be taken from you and you shall pay them, for as
the river yields pearls, so will you have to render the
dues."
Umar ibn Al-Khattab used to end his speeches with following statement:
"O God, let me not fall into an error, nor let me be called to account
on unawares, nor let me fall into
neglect."
Umar ibn Al-Khattab's actions speak louder about his character, his
integrity and his love for the people in the Muslim state. He made
rounds at night to gauge and evaluate the condition of the people. His
achievements are reflection of his life.
- See more at: http://www.islamicity.com/Articles/articles.asp?ref=IC1012-4389#sthash.Wi43flDX.dpuf
Umar ibn al Khattab among the most influential people in history
- See more at: http://www.islamicity.com/Articles/articles.asp?ref=IC1012-4389#sthash.Wi43flDX.dpuf
Umar ibn al Khattab among the most influential people in history
- See more at: http://www.islamicity.com/Articles/articles.asp?ref=IC1012-4389#sthash.Wi43flDX.dpuf
Umar ibn al Khattab among the most influential people in history
- See more at: http://www.islamicity.com/Articles/articles.asp?ref=IC1012-4389#sthash.Wi43flDX.dpuf