Blog Translation
Ever since we met each other, my beloved husband filled my life with love, light, joy and happiness, with music and special moments!
Showing posts with label Egypt. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Egypt. Show all posts
Saturday 26 February 2011
Sunday 30 January 2011
Night Wind: Egypt
Night Wind: Egypt
by: Teresa Hooley (1888-1973)
We woke and watched the stars all jewel-bright.
Sudden I heard, as I lay lover-warm
In the encircling hollow of your arm,
The old sad wind of Egypt in the night--
The desert wind that sifts the shifting sand
O'er buried cities and tombs of vanished kings,
Sad with the knowledge of forgotten things
And old with memories none may understand.
Dead kings knew love and passion ere they slept,
Dead cities once were glad with color and light.
Dust now, and sand.... The wind passed through the night.
I turned to you and hid my face and wept.
Ancient Egyptian Papyrus
Papyrus...
Paper... so delicate and easy to break...but so durable in time and space...
Papyrus was very important to the ancient Egyptians. It helped transform Egyptian society in many ways. Once the technology of papyrus making was developed, its method of production was kept secret allowing the Egyptians to have a monopoly on it. The first use of papyrus paper is believed to have been 4000 BC.
The raw material of papyrus paper comes from the plant Cyperus papyrus. This plant grew along the banks of the Nile and provided the Egyptians with the necessary raw materials. This plant was quite versatile and was not only used in the production of paper but it was also used in the manufacture of boats, rope and baskets. However, the singularly most important and valuable product was the papyrus paper. Not only was this ancient Egypt’s greatest export but it revolutionized the way people kept valuable information. No substitution for papyrus paper could be found that was as durable and lightweight until the development of pulped paper by the Arabs. The way of making pulp paper was far easier to produce but not as durable. This not only led to a decline in papyrus paper making, but also to a decline in the papyrus plant cultivation. Eventually, the papyrus plant disappeared from the area of the Nile, where it was once the lifeblood for ancient Egypt.
Papyrus making was not revived until around 1969. An Egyptian scientist named Dr. Hassan Ragab reintroduced the papyrus plant to Egypt and started a papyrus plantation near Cairo. He also had to research the method of production. Because the exact methods for making papyrus paper was such a secret, the ancient Egyptians left no written records as to the manufacturing process. Dr. Ragab finally figured out how it was done, and now papyrus making is back in Egypt after a very long absence.
The Method of Papyrus Paper Production
- The stalks of the papyrus plant are harvested.
- Next the green skin of the stalk is removed and the inner pith is taken out and cut into long strips. The strips are then pounded and soaked in water for 3 days until pliable.
-The strips are then cut to the length desired and laid horizontally on a cotton sheet overlapping about 1 millimeter. Other strips are laid vertically over the horizontal strips resulting in the criss-cross pattern in papyrus paper. Another cotton sheet is placed on top.
- The sheet is put in a press and squeezed together, with the cotton sheets being replaced until all the moisture is removed.
- Finally, all the strips are pressed together forming a single sheet of papyrus paper.
The story of the JADE...
The story of the jade...
I remember the day when I first saw a rock jade in a beautiful simple necklace... the rock was all the beauty of the necklace... I remember that I was keep watching this rock and keep looking to the beautiful girl that was wearing it... a beautiful Arabian girl which was having this necklace as her "nassib", her destiny... After all she was called simply... Jade...
I started to dream to my rock of jade...I started to think in my nassib, in my written page from the future...and my story of the jade is related to jade, an ancient history book, old places and unique love... The jade carries my destiny inside it!
In our Romanian culture it is said that what the child chooses when he is baptized will determine his nassib.
In my life I chose first thing a book... but not just any book... The Ancient Egypt History... later, over years, I chose a place... but not any place... I chose Egypt place... than my heart chose a person... but not just any person... the love of my life... and than the destiny brought into my hands the rock of my nassib... the jade stone in a beautiful necklace.
But what is this jade? And why my heart was captivated by the beautiful shining green?
Well, let's see what mystery hides this stone...
"Jade is a stone ingrained in Chinese art, culture and history, stretching 9,000 years back into the ancient and enormous Chinese empire. Jade has always been a special stone, used not just for fine objects but also as material for grave goods for the imperial family. It is believed to be a link between both the physical and the spiritual worlds, and is the only material that completely encapsulates both the yin and yang qualities of Heaven and Earth, earning it the moniker The Stone of Heaven.
History of Jade
Jade mines in China have long been depleted, but the association and love for this stone endures with the Chinese. Jade is also found in Burma, Central America, Brazil, Canada and India. Although prized by other civilisations as well as the Chinese, no other culture can rival China for the richness and intricacy of the jade rings, bracelets, beads and pendants found there.
The Chinese have been working jade since the Neolithic period, to the present. Discs and tubes made of jade found in Neolithic Chinese graves are the earliest indication of this stone's association with the otherworldly. By 200 B.C., when the Book of Songs was written during the Zhou dynasty, the stone was established as an aid to immortality. It would continue to be used in burial rituals well into the Han Dynasty.
During the Shang Dynasty (1600 B.C. to 1050 B.C), jade was used for personal adornment by kings, as well as for utilitarian and ceremonial objects. Jade knives, daggers and objects imbued with royal meanings like scepters and jade burial suits have been found in tombs most likely used for ritual or military ceremonies. A record from a 200 A.D Chinese dictionary defines jade as the fairest of stones, endowed with five virtues charity, rectitude, wisdom, courage and equity. Towards the end of the Tang Dynasty however, funerary practices changed and by the time the modern Ming and Qing dynasties rolled around in the 16th century, the stone had become more referential and was primarily used as material for objets d'art of the imperial court.
The Qualities of Jade
This milky green stone is seen as a metaphor for human virtues because of its hardness, durability and beauty. Confucius, the Chinese philosopher, famously said the good virtue of man is like jade. It represents dignity, blessing, fortune and longevity. White jade is the most highly valued, but the stone comes in a variety of translucent shades of green, brown and black.
In China
the term jade is actually used to encompass several different minerals which include serpentine and aventurine which are not true types of jade. There are only two distinct stones that are true jades nephrite and jadeite. Both these tones share many qualities, but jadeite has a greater range of colors. The hardness and brittleness of jade requires great skill to craft, but great intricacy can be accomplished with this stone.
Coupled with its high luster and translucency, jade is a gemstone that is much sought after. A Chinese proverb attributes greater attachment to jade than to gold, as gold has value, but jade is invaluable.
Jade and Superstition
This imperial gem of both Heaven and Earth has always been empowered with magical properties, at least in the minds of the Chinese. Taoist alchemist believed it to be the Philosopher's Stone, and drank elixirs of powdered jade. Jade was also considered a guardian against illness and evil spirits, which is why even babies in China are given a tiny jade bangle to wear to ward off bad luck. In the Han dynasty, emperors were buried in jade gowns and jade cicadas were placed on dead kings' tongues to prevent decomposition and safeguard chi or energy.
Culturally, jade stands for beauty, grace and purity. It is often referred to as a live stone due to its propensity to change color. Many Chinese believe that if the stone likes the wearer, it will grow a deeper, darker shade of green. Many pieces of jade jewelery do change color over time, and believers who wear it for protection and good luck attribute this to the absorption of bad chi that would otherwise have affected the wearer. Jade is also supposed to improve blood circulation and calm the mind.
Modern Use
Traditionally, many Chinese family heirlooms have at least one piece of jade in their trove, often a jade bangle passed down from mother to daughter. Jade is still worn as a deterrent of bad luck but it is also finding its place as a relevant gem in the fashion and jewelery industries. Popular in Hong Kong as well as China, modern designs of jade combine both cutting edge design and cultural reference to an ancient heritage."
And in the end, something from those places full with mystery and charm...
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